. What, in your view, can we learn from Catiline and the Gracchi brothers? Be sure in your answer to consider the issues (and controversy) surrounding the way that the Gracchi presented the problems of the time, as discussed in class.2.

. What, in your view, can we learn from Catiline and the Gracchi brothers? Be sure in your answer to consider the issues (and controversy) surrounding the way that the Gracchi presented the problems of the time, as discussed in class.2.
Augustus, Res Gestae, 34:In my sixth and seventh consulates (28-27 B.C.E.), after putting out the civil war, having obtained all things by universal consent, I handed over the state from my power to the dominion of the senate and Roman people. And for this merit of mine, by a senate decree, I was called Augustus and the doors of my temple were publicly clothed with laurel and a civic crown was fixed over my door and a gold shield placed in the Julian senate-house, and the inscription of that shield testified to the virtue, mercy, justice, and piety, for which the senate and Roman people gave it to me. After that time, I exceeded all in influence, but I had no greater power than the others who were colleagues with me in each magistracy.Propaganda, or fact? Neither? Discuss, paying attention to, and agreeing or disagreeing with, our coverage of Augustus and his career, as presented to you in class.May.15thlecture 4First punic war: 264-241–Result: 20 years of war–Would need sth special from Rome or Carthage to win–Carthage: mercenaries, but good navy–Rome: excellent army, no well-established naval force–Result: statementTrireme–3 banks of oars–Corvus (boarding ramp)Quinquereme is heavier, 5 banks of oarsNaval warfare in ancient worldRamsImmobillisation–roman idea: make it a land battle, on water–board using corvus/raven (but problems)–grapnel–physically seize enemy ships, or ram them–armoured sailors cannot swim very wellPolybius, on the corvus–Roman shipbuilding program-superhuman effort–But now, had to learn how to fight at sea-no real experience–Would have plenty of upsets, errors (storms too)– in the meantime:–256: 2 consuls Africa; ambitious, war on Carthaginian territory–Plunder of countryside; 1 cos. Home, Other remained:–Marcus atilius regulus–255: defeated Carthaginians; camped at Tunis–Negotiations, rejected by Rome–Spartan mercenary, Xanthippus- replaced local commanders–Romans crushed; regulus captured–romans crushed; regulus captured–With regulus- what is true and what is legend?–Deal with humiliation by mythologizing it!–Ex. Romans defeated b/c of massive snake–Legend- in captivity until 250–Gave parole to Carthaginians; sent to Rome to negotiate–In his speech to senate- urged no surrender–Returned to Carthage met his end–Regulus: reluctant here, duty> personal need–source: Horace-reliable?–Ode 3.5; titled, no surrender–Warning to lax romans of his own day–Holds up regulus as ideal model–Intensely patriotic in period of civil war–Regulus death–Xanthippus, and the leaky ship–All of this: Romes north African invasion- not a success–More setbacks for Rome–254: fleet to Africa, rescue survivors–Defeated Carthaginian fleet, but then massive storm–Romans massive effort at Panormus-Sicily–250: lucius caecilius metellus, army, crushed Carthaginian attack–Huge triumph in rome, with 100 elephants–But then chickensDrepanum, 249, western coast of sicilyPublius Claudius pulcher–Frustrated by progress of siege of Carthaginian base at lilibaeum (western Sicily)Decided to take offensiveAuspieces: the sacred chickensLet them drink, since they dont want to eatResult: romans suffered horrible defeatPulcher accused of sacrilege for killing scared chickens–War dragged on to an end with reverses/benefits for each side–241: Romans finally achieved naval victory, off Sicily–Carthaginian commander: Hamilcar peace treaty–Indemnity: triggered mercenary revolt–The truceless war savage–Rome took opportunity: Sardinia–Carthage shattered–Sent Hamilcar Barca (father of Hannibal) to Spain rebuildWould lead to new struggleConsequences of the warFour main consequences1. Carthage lost Sicily, Sardinia, paid reparations–Rome now held territory outside of Italian peninsula–Lead to garrisons on Sicily, Sardinia and also Corsica–Needed administrators: praetorship expanded, sent overseas2. widescale change in conduct of warfare–Previously Rome followed seasonal pattern: some experience–Now consistently kept armies in field all year round–Polybius Romans ambitious more daring, thinking of conquest3. Rome now a naval power–Needed too for control of ex. Corsica, Sardinia–Allowed Rome to project power outside Italy4. Significant increase in public spending: ships, armies–Army had logistical needs–Spawned rise of contractor class the publicani, paid by the state to build, supply, house,procure, etc.–Currency expanded, more issues: coins now also used to advertise Roman power (ex. Coin ofprow of ship) propagandaThe second Punic war 218-201The triumph of duty over individualism–Defining event of the roman republic before the civil wars–Significant and far-reaching consequences–Main sources: Polybius, Livy–Livy–Lived 59 BC AD 17-200 years after events f–From Padua–Knew personally Romes first emperor, Augustus–Whole work: cover beginning of Rome own day ex. 753-19, in 142 books- only 36 survive–Livy looked to various traditions–Oratory and fine writing: Cicero a model–Livy famously lazy, would not cross Rome to see a document–Sources? Other writers- make major use of Polybius–Selected and compiled info to suit his agenda–Often never mentions who he is using–Livy writing after gut-wrenching civil war–Aim: react to this dislocation by concentrating on values which made Rome great–Superior virtue, morality–Nobility–Character and courage of Romans–Other sources–Hannibals court historians lost–Letters and treaties, copied by Polybius– Writings of Scipio family?Major players in story dramatis personaeThe ScipiosThe Barcids–NB: multiple Scipios–Publius Cornelius Scipio–Consul 218; died 211–Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus (the bald)–Brother of Publius Cornelius Scipio–Consul 222, died 211–Piblius Cornelius scipio africanus–Son of Publius Cornelius Scipio, nephew of Gnaeus–Ultimate victor in second Punic war–The other tem- the Barcids–Hamilcar Barca, general of 1st Punic war, d. 228, Spain–Father of Hannibal–Husdrubal the fair–Son- in law of Hamilcar, d. 221–Husdrubal Barca, general–Brother of Hannibal, d 207, Italy–Mago Barca, general–Brother of Hannibal, d 203, on board shipHannibal- not a crazed demon–Had read memoirs of Pyrrhus–Barcid dynasty in Spain Hellenistic style dynasty–Closer to Greek king than monster–Adept at Greco-Roman propaganda–Temple of Melqart (Hercules) in Grades (Cadiz, Spain)–12labours of Hercules: drove oxen of Geryon though Spain and Gaul over the Alps–Cacus (giant) on Aventine hill- steal oxen, Hercules killed himPunishment of Rome – grounded in Greek mythPosed as liberator of oppressed Greeks in Sicily, Italy–And: epic journey- like Alexander?–War broken down in phases:1, background to war- Barcids in Spain2, period between 218-216: Roman defeats3. period between 216-207: revival–War in Italy, propaganda campaigns by Hannibal–War in Spain–War in AfricaAnd in this: the triumph of duty, but the rise of the individual Scipio AfricanusBackground- the interwar years, 241-218–End of 1st Punic war–Hamilcar surrendered Mt. Eryx in Siciy–Mass resentment–And Truceless war (mercenary revolt)- future damage–Barcids powerful, choose Spain, new lease on life–Mines. Manpower, new beginning nova CarthageSpain would revive Carthage–228: Hamilcar dead; Hasdrubal the fair took over–At some point: Hasdrubal, treaty with Rome–Boundary of interests: river Ebro–clues: Romans preoccupied with Gauls (Italian Celts)–A

Having Trouble Meeting Your Deadline?

Get your assignment on . What, in your view, can we learn from Catiline and the Gracchi brothers? Be sure in your answer to consider the issues (and controversy) surrounding the way that the Gracchi presented the problems of the time, as discussed in class.2. completed on time. avoid delay and – ORDER NOW

Do My Paper

Our website has a team of professional writers who can help you write any of your homework. They will write your papers from scratch. We also have a team of editors just to make sure all papers are of HIGH QUALITY & PLAGIARISM FREE. To make an Order you only need to click Order Now and we will direct you to our Order Page at Litessays. Then fill Our Order Form with all your assignment instructions. Select your deadline and pay for your paper. You will get it few hours before your set deadline.