Major Histocompatibility Complexes are essential during the process of transplantation since they help to predict the outcome of a transplant, who is a qualified donor and recipient for a certain graft.

Major Histocompatibility Complexes are essential during the process of transplantation since they help to predict the outcome of a transplant, who is a qualified donor and recipient for a certain graft.
3. Introduction
4. Processing of antigens by MHCs
5. Functions of MHC’s
6. The Role of MHC in Transplantation
6.1Ways of increasing the survival of a transplanted organ in a recipient
6.2 Development in the Transplantation of Grafts
7. Conclusion
8. References
1. Abstract
Major Histocompatibility Complexes are essential during the process of transplantation since they help to predict the outcome of a transplant, who is a qualified donor and recipient for a certain graft. They are also essential in the choosing of mates and communal nurturing in viviparous animals. Further they help us to trace our origins but their main work is responding to antigens and assisting in inducing immune responses. They are of two kinds that function differently and are degenerate thus appearing as multiple alleles. Improvement have also been done on the surgical transplantation processes and techniques to prevent graft rejection and enhance the survival of both the individual and the transplant, such include the immune suppression medication with less side effects, the use of induction methods and abdominal transplantations other than surgery have been introduced, using of artificial organs to curb the problem of few donors and incompatibility of MHCs have been introduced. Easy compatibility tests involving just a blood test have also been introduced to save time for determining the right donor. This has made easier this process and improved the possibility of success.
2. Current Developments of Major Histocompatibility Complexes and their Importance in Transplantation
3. Introduction
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a group of a gene family found in majority of vertebrates and encodes molecules of MHC. They have been found to be very significant in autoimmunity thus play great roles in the immune system. Their work is to present remains of processed proteins on the surface of the cell in the form of short sequences of proteins which are peptides. These are effective against pathogens since their work is to survey with the help of other immune cells usually the Natural Killer Cells (NKC’s) and the T cells. Once these MHC: peptides bind on the pathogens they activate the immune cells to mount up a response against the pathogens. The MHC defend the body against a diverse number of microbes thus their peptides much also be varied, they are thus referred to us degenerate. MHC achieves this due to their nature of being polymorphic, their loci are also polygonal and they have got many alleles. They also have all their genes being co dominant while majority of them are expressed concurrently (Aderem, Alan; Underhill & David 1999, 593-623). They are of two kinds: class I that is found mainly in cells with a nucleus and are expressed on cytotoxic T cells and class II found in Antigen presenting cells (APC’s) such as macrophages, dendritic and B cells. These APCs take in any pathogen, develop them to produce pathogens within a phagosome then they present these waste to helper T cells that stimulate immune responses fro other cells (Afzali, B et al, 2008, 438-494). Immune responses and elimination of pathogens occur by phagocytosis and apoptosis which is programmed cell death. MHC III is also present but is not directly involved in immune response but encodes other immune components such as Tumor Necrosis Factor ? and cytokines. MHCs are also significant in determining post transplant reaction and also the changes that have occurred since evolution. It is with this realization that this study is focused to validate the role of MHCs in transplantation and developments that are being done to modify the transplantation process.

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