Doctoral students earn their doctorate by demonstrating expertise in a topic area and by doing original research that contributes to knowledge and theory. These two requirements are stated in their logical order:

Doctoral students earn their doctorate by demonstrating expertise in a topic area and by doing original research that contributes to knowledge and theory. These two requirements are stated in their logical order:
You must be an expert in an area in order to do original research. You demonstrate expertise by showing that you know the literature current and historical in the area and that you are able to join discussions in the area by critically evaluating research and theory and taking reasoned stands on the issues in the area.
As you know a study cannot be a dissertation study without a thorough literature review. Boote and Beile (2005) wrote:
A substantive thorough sophisticated literature review is a precondition for doing substantive thorough sophisticated research. Good research is good because it advances our collective understanding. To advance our collective understanding a researcher or scholar needs to understand what has been done before the strengths and weaknesses of existing studies and what they might mean. A researcher cannot perform significant research without first understanding the literature in the field. (p. 3)
The activities in this section assist you in developing your skills in critiquing research discussing issues in your area identifying a research problem and writing a literature review.
Required Reading:
Please refer to each Activity for required readings within Activity Resources.
Assignment 3 Annotated Bibliography
As you know from previous courses an annotated bibliography describes and evaluates literature on a topic in a collection of succinct one-paragraph entries. There are two important points to know about an annotated bibliography.
1. Bibliography entries must be based on a critical examination of studies. Just because an article appears in a peer-reviewed journal does not mean it is without flaws (see Activity 2). An annotated bibliography entry that does not evaluate the merits of the research and its relevance to your purposes is of little value to you.
2. Researchers often refer to their annotated bibliography when writing literature reviews. If you do your annotated bibliography with care and skill it will be invaluable as you can use it to create your literature review saving much time and effort. The other assignments in this section are premised upon this idea.
If you have kept the same topic area throughout all of your BTM courses you have used approximately 40 different articles to complete previous assignments including previous annotated bibliography assignments. If you have changed your topic area the number of sources on your current topic area would of course be fewer than 40. Your dissertation proposal will have a literature review of 40-80 pages and discuss many articles on your topic area (likely more than 100).
Activity Resources
Annotated Bibliography. University of Canberra: Academic Skills Program
How to Prepare an Annotated Bibliography. Cornell University Library
Annotated Bibliographies. Purdue Online Writing Lab
Main Task: Compile an Annotated Bibliography
This assignment requires you to compile an Annotated Bibliography of 40 entries (twice as many is ideal!) 85% of which must be from the past five years. Each annotated entry must concisely summarize key aspects of a studyparticipants purpose research design and methods data analysis key findingsand include a thoughtful evaluation of the significance of the studys findings and conclusions as they relate to your topic. In order to write quality entries you must understand each studywhat the researchers did why they did it and what they found and concluded. Be sure you paraphrase all content following Northcentral Academic Integrity guidelines to insure that your work is your own. Here is a familiar example:

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